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AIM: Geniculate neuralgia (GN) is a rare craniofacial pain syndrome characterized by severe lancinating pain in the ear.1 Its diagnosis is complex due to the sensory overlap of cranial nerves (CN) V, VII, IX, and X. We present two cases of GN treated...

Aim Hardware-related complications remain a notable concern in deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgeries; infections and erosions account for approximately 5%, with implantable pulse generator (IPG)-related problems accounting for a substantial proporti...

Hydatid cyst disease is a zoonotic infection caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus that typically affects the liver and lungs, whereas cerebral involvement is uncommon. This case report describes multiple cerebral hydatid cysts (approximatel...

Background: The timing of surgery for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remains controversial. Objective: To evaluate the effect of earlier versus later surgery on the functional outcomes and mortality in patients with aSAH. Methods: Follow...

Aim To investigate C2 morphometry, prevalence of high-riding vertebral artery (HRVA) and feasibility of conventional C2 screw instrumentation for Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) patients without basilar invagination, and to compare these parameters...

Aim Chordomas (CH) are malignant bone neoplasms with notochordial origin accepted to arise from the notochord reminants. Their response to chemotherapy is poor and this is an important limitation for treatment. Microsatellite instability (MSI) screen...

Anatomical variations of lumbar nerve roots are rare, and transpedicular root courses are extremely uncommon. We present the first nonsyndromic and incidentally detected case of an L4 transpedicular nerve root anomaly. A 45-year-old woman presented w...

Abstract Objective: Pituitary metastases are rare, constituting only 1-2% of sellar masses. While various malignancies can metastasize to the pituitary gland, cervical cancer with isolated pituitary involvement is exceptionally uncommon. Literature ...

Aim The aim of this bibliometric analysis was to systematically map and quantitatively evaluate the global scientific literature on artificial intelligence applications in neurosurgery. Material and Methods The Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection d...

The evolution of matter has been progressing since the moment the universe first began to form. In the process of discovering the properties of matter, we, humanity, are increasingly able to describe the behavior of its sub-atomic particles. As long ...

Aim Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) influences poor outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We evaluated the prognostic value of clinical variables, inflammatory and metabolic markers, and surgical timing for DCI in aneurysmal and nonaneurysmal ...

Aim Pain injections are one of the most commonly done spinal procedures, yet there are no structured and safe platforms for teaching. We aimed to create a low-cost, 3D-printed lumbosacral model with real-time feedback for training residents in lumbar...

Aim To investigate whether preoperative dynamic computed tomography improves surgical decision-making and radiological and clinical outcomes in patients with unstable fractures of the atlas vertebra. Material and Methods A retrospective review was...

Aim The aim of this study was to describe a surgical technique that enables maximal and safe correction while minimizing complication rates in patients with severe neuromuscular scoliosis. Material and Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients wi...

Aim To evaluate whether intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) before unilateral biportal endoscopic spine surgery (UBE) can improve the visual field clarity, reduce postoperative pain and recovery quality. Material and Methods Analysis of the visual cla...

Introduction: Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare systemic disorder, and spinal involvement is exceptionally uncommon. This study aims to report a rare case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis affecting the cervical spine and to discuss the conditi...

Aim This study evaluated changes in optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) values measured by computed tomography (CT) in infants who had undergone surgery for hydrocephalus and assessed their correlation with the Evans index (EI). Material and Methods ...

Aim This retrospective study aimed to investigate the radiological and clinical features of syringomyelia in patients with spinal dysraphism accompanied by split cord malformation (SCM). A secondary objective was to propose a specific terminology to ...

Aim Degenerative spinal diseases including lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) are well-known factors which significantly impair quality of life. Unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) technique is an innovative minimally inva...

Background LEOPARD syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple lentigines, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, conduction abnormalities, and variable systemic features. Malignancies are uncommon but have been reported in affect...

Aim The results regarding the use of more than six courses of adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) in glioblastoma remain controversial. In the current study, we focused on comparing the survival outcomes of patients treated with the standard six courses of a...

Background: Hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis (HSP) is a rare inflammatory disorder characterized by progressive thickening of the spinal dura mater. The diagnosis requires careful exclusion of infectious, autoimmune, and neoplastic etiologies. Al...

Aim Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) involves secondary injury via apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of Vigabatrin, a GABA-transaminase inhibitor, in a rat TSCI model, f...

Aim Valproic acid is sometimes used for seizure prophylaxis in patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), but its safety in this setting, particularly regarding bleeding risk and thrombocytopenia, remains controversial. Our objective is to evaluat...

Aim Various environmental factors, maternal supplements, and dietary additives have been associated with neural tube defects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sodium nitrite on spinal cord development in early-stage chick embryos. Mate...

Introduction: Intracranial solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms, and cases of tumor bleeding are rarely seen. While radiographically similar to meningioma, SFTs exhibit a more aggressive clinical course. Surgical resection fo...

Aim To evaluate the predictive value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hydrodynamic parameters for short-term postoperative outcomes in patients with syringomyelia (SM). Material and Methods 200 SM patients, including both Chiari I malformation–related a...

Aim Trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) is a disease characterized by recurrent episodes of severe pain in one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve, and the effectiveness of current treatments is limited, especially in patients with metabolic disorders. T...

Aim Postoperative bleeding after emergency craniotomy for traumatic brain injury (TBI) continues to be a leading cause of death and long-term disability. Current predictive models of risk factors are based on a very limited number of variables or onl...

Professor M. Gazi Yaşargil (1925–2025), celebrated worldwide as the “Neurosurgeon of the Century,” revolutionized neurosurgery through his pioneering introduction of the surgical microscope, the development of microsurgical instruments, and the creat...

Aim To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes after deformity correction with long-segment (>3 levels) posterior fixation and strategic TLIF in Adult Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis and to find the correlation between clinical and radiological...

Aim Brainstem glioma is a rare and highly aggressive tumor of the central nervous system. No previous retrospective studies using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database have included both pediatric and adult patients. Therefo...

Objectives: To characterize the molecular and genetic landscape of atypical and anaplastic meningiomas and assess their prognostic significance. Methods: This retrospective study was carried from January 2024 to January 2025. Whole-exome sequencing,...

Objective: This case report describes an incidental intraoperative finding of a pure intracranial vagal schwannoma during microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS), a rare clinical scenario with minimal precedent in the literature....

Aim Cephalohematoma is an accumulation of blood in the subperiosteal space. It usually resolves spontaneously. Rarely does it not resorb, and ossification occurs. Ossified cephalic hematoma (OCH) can cause severe calvarial swelling, asymmetry, cosmet...

We report the microsurgical management of a complex diffuse arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in a regional hospital. A 46-year-old woman with hypertension and chronic kidney disease presented with a five-day history of mood changes, emotional labilit...

Calcified thoracic disc herniations (CTDH) are a rare spinal pathology that can cause progressive myelopathy and presents formidable surgical challenges due to their adherence to surrounding tissues. Herein, we describe the staged surgical management...

This case report presents the first simultaneous occurrence of Chiari malformation type 1 and celiac disease in a 27-year-old male patient; to the best of our knowledge, there are no previously published cases in the literature. This rare association...

Abstract Study design: To evaluate a new technique for intraoperative visualization of the lower cervical spaces under fluoroscopy. Summary: Localizing the lower cervical spine intraoperatively using conventional fluoroscopy with lateral projec...

Background: Neuroenteric cysts (NCs) are rare benign lesions believed to originate from ectopic endodermal tissue. They are lined by gastrointestinal or respiratory epithelium capable of secreting mucin. Although most frequently located within the sp...

Grynfeltt–Lesshaft hernia is a rare type of posterolateral abdominal wall hernia that may be either congenital or acquired. Only a few cases have been reported following surgical procedures. The risk of herniation increases after surgeries involving ...

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an established treatment for vestibular schwannoma, offering high tumor control rates and a favorable safety profile. SRS-induced facial palsy is typically a late-onset complication, with acute-onset cases being exc...

Aim To investigate the etiological spectrum, presurgical characteristics, and long-term surgical outcomes in children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and to identify clinical, electrophysiological, and imaging-based predictors of favorable outcome...

Background and Objective: Uric acid is the end product of purine catabolism and exhibits context-dependent biological effects in relation to oxidative balance and inflammation. Given the prominent metabolic and redox alterations observed in intracra...

Aim Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is increasingly used in neurosurgical practice, yet its implementation and training background remain heterogeneous. This study aimed to provide an overview of current IONM practices and attitudes among neuro...

Aim To evaluate the clinical efficacy of heart-shaped suturing in improving postoperative scar formation in pediatric patients undergoing tethered cord syndrome (TCS) surgery. Material and Methods Seventy-two pediatric patients diagnosed with TCS be...

Aim:Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) of the L5–S1 segment of the spine is technically challenging and has higher cage subsidence rates compared with other lumbar levels. Because three-dimensional–printed porous titanium cages (3D-PTCs) e...

Aim Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a common spinal disorder associated with low-back pain (LBP) and leg pain, leading to significant disability. MRI in DDD often shows Modic changes (MCs), which are vertebral marrow alterations classified into th...

Aim Physicians frequently use the prone position during posterior spine procedures. Microcirculation and tissue oxygenation can be impaired in this position. We aimed to compare regional tissue oxygen saturation under general, spinal, and epidural an...

Rapid formation and recurrence of aneurysms accompanied by severe arterial stenosis following radiation therapy (RT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an uncommon clinical phenomenon. We present the case of a 51-year-old man who developed subarac...

Objective: Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common neurosurgical condition in elderly patients, frequently associated with trauma, anticoagulant use, and chronic comorbidities. While surgical evacuation and now middle meningeal artery embolizati...

Objective: We describe a rare case of Holmes tremor (HT) secondary to a hemorrhagic cavernoma and assess the effectiveness of deep brain stimulation (DBS), specifically targeting the globus pallidus internus (GPI), in the presence of coexisting dysto...

Aim To investigate the preoperative, early and late postoperative differences in the anterior callosal angle, lateral and third ventricle shapes of patients with pituitary macroadenoma operated via the transsphenoidal approach. Material and Methods ...

Aim Surgical access to the third ventricle is particularly challenging because of its deep location and close relationship with critical neurovascular structures. The endoscopic transsphenoidal (ETS) approach provides access deeply situated structure...

Aim Infections associated with extra-ventricular drains (EVDs) remain a major challenge in neurosurgical care. This retrospective single-center study evaluated the infection rate, causative microorganisms, resistance patterns, and clinical risk facto...

Aim This study aims to compare Gamma Knife (GK) and Linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) techniques for malignant brain tumors with increasing tumor volumes, focusing on Conformity Index (CI), Paddick Conformity Index (PCI), Homogeneity Index ...

Aim To analyze the efficacy and safety of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in the management of thyroid cancer brain metastases. Material and Methods This retrospective study analyzed patients who underwent GKRS for thyroid cancer brain metastases (T...

Aim: This technical report illustrates the potential of photon-counting computed tomography angiography (PCCT-A) in detecting small, incidental intracranial aneurysms, which are often missed by conventional imaging. Material and Methods: We pres...

Aim: Mediastinal neurogenic tumors (MNTs) are rare neoplasms derived from neural elements within the mediastinum. While most MNTs are benign and asymptomatic, surgical resection is generally recommended due to the potential for malignant transformati...

Aim The goal of spinal deformity surgery is to correct curvature in a stable and balanced way. In order to achieve this goal, radiography is used to determine the degree of angles during the operation. However, intraoperative X-ray has several disadv...

Aim To analyze the safety and effectiveness of the minimally invasive endoscopic approach (endoscope-plus-port) in the treatment of large intraventricular tumors (>5 cm). Material and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the demographic, radiological...

Aim Anterior skull base cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas may result in persistent rhinorrhea with a risk of serious infections such as meningitis. In this study, we reviewed our institutional experience and surgical outcomes in patients who underwe...

Aim This study aimed to test whether MN1 expression is associated with meningioma multiplicity and to compare its distribution across typical and atypical forms. We investigate MN1 gene expression levels in multiple meningiomas and compares these lev...

Aim Neuroendoscopic procedures is a commonly used method today. One of the most frequent and serious complications associated with this surgery is bleeding. The dry-field maneuver is employed in cases where conventional methods such as irrigation and...

Aim There are logistical barriers to achieving onco-functional balance through glioma surgery in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We report our experience in implementing functional mapping-guided resection for eloquent diffuse low-grade gli...

Aim Background: Previous studies have established optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) cut-off values of 5.6–6.3 mm for detecting elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) (20–22 mmHg) during acute phases. However, studies on ONSD-ICP correlation post-cereb...

Aim : Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumors, with survival remaining poor despite advances in multimodal therapy. In recent years, electric-field–based interventions have emerged as innovative approaches for the m...

Aim Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks from intracranial tumors are rare, particularly before surgical excision, usually arising tumor invasion of the dura and intervening bone. Herein, we present cases of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea and otor...

Aim Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is characterized by a series of complicated neurological symptoms and usually has a good prognosis after surgical intervention, along with single burr hole drainage. However, it may recur with rates ranging from 5...

Aim Intraoperative assessment is critical in cerebral aneurysm surgery to ensure complete occlusion while preserving adjacent vessels. While digital subtraction angiography (DSA) remains the gold standard, indocyanine green video angiography (ICG-VA)...

Aim To report our experience with the outcomes of open microsurgical management of third ventricular colloid cysts. Material and Methods This retrospective study presents the surgical outcomes of 33 patients who underwent open microsurgical resectio...

Aim Pituitary adenomas may present invasive features, accounting for a considerable number of intracranial malignancies. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases that play key roles in extracellular matrix remodeling, tumor invasion, and m...

Aim This study evaluates the impact of suprasellar extension (SSE) morphology and radiological parameters on surgical outcomes and the descent of suprasellar residual tumors into the sella at three months postoperatively in pituitary neuroendocrine t...

Aim Primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is known to have poor management outcomes. Very elderly patients (age > 80) might have a significantly higher incidence of worse management morbidity and mortality after primary ICH. The aim of this study wa...

Takayasu arteritis is a chronic granulomatous large-vessel vasculitis primarily affecting the aorta and its major branches such as the subclavian, carotid, and renal arteries. Pathologically, it is characterized by transmural infiltration of lymphocy...

Aim This study aims to explore the neuroprotective effects of melatonin on radiation-induced injuries in the central nervous system (CNS). The potential of melatonin to mitigate oxidative stress, a primary contributor to radiation-induced damage, is ...

Aim Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is an encapsulated collection of blood at different stages of coagulation that accumulates at the dural border cell layer. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of de novo vessels in the inner membran...

Aim:To analyze the differences in clinical efficacy and safety between neurointerventional surgery and craniotomy in the treatment of patients with cerebral aneurysms and investigate their impact on patient prognosis.Material and Methods:In this retr...

Introduction: We describe a rare instance of severe peripheral nerve injury caused by electrical shock from bipolar forceps during surgery, highlighting the challenges in treatment and recovery. This unique occupational hazard for a neurosurgeon unde...

Aim Grade 4 diffuse gliomas is a highly malignant tumor with considerable health implications. Studies have investigated the immunohistochemical molecules associated with glioblastoma development. However, grade 4 diffuse gliomas in Ki-67 positive pa...

Aim To explore the potential mechanism of Shennao Fuyuan Decoction underlying autophagy following cerebral ischemia. Material and Methods The rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established and administrated Shennao Fuyuan Decoc...