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Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara - Türkiye Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is becoming more popular as an alternative to shunting in the management of obstructive-type hydrocephalus. The goal of this procedure is to fenestrate the floor of the third ventricle between the mamillary bodies and the infundibular recess, and thus establish flow of cerebrospinal fluid between the ventricles and the basal subarachnoid spaces. Obstructive hydrocephalus is the main indication for endoscopic third ventriculostomy, but this procedure is also currently used to treat a wide range of hydrocephalic patients. In this surgical technique, various anatomic variations and technical difficulties can lead to complications. However, in cases where this procedure is indicated, good knowledge of third ventricle anatomy and experience with endoscopic surgery can yield success rates of up to 80%. Keywords : Hydrocephalus, neuroendoscopy, third ventricle, ventriculostomy