AIM: To investigate the competition of radiologic development between Turkey and Greece during the Greco-Ottoman War when the first application of X-Ray took place.

MATERIAL and METHODS: A literature review was conducted, and we searched the published papers about X-Ray using during the Greco-Turkish War in 1897.

RESULTS: The use of X-Rays in the military dates to the Greco-Ottoman War in 1897, which is an important issue because X-ray was first specifically used in this war. The radiographic images were used to show the evidence of pieces of bullets and shrapnel inside the bodies of soldiers.

CONCLUSION: The experience of the Ottoman Empire and Greece is important for the development of neurosurgical radiology. Both Greek and Turkish parts used the X-Ray technology before any of the risks and adverse effects were unknown. More studies are required.