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Departments of Neurosurgery Gülhane Medical School, Ankara - Türkiye In this experimental study the neuroprotective effect of XO inhibitor allopurinol on focal cerebral ischaemia created by permanent middle cerebral artery (MCAO) occlusion has been investigated. In the study made on 43 white rats, the size of the cerebral tissue injury caused by MCAO after allopurinol pretreatment was compared with the control groups after 4 and 24 hours. In the rats which had allopurinol pretreatment, the infarct area could not be seen 4 hours after MCAO. However it was observed to be reduced by 32% when compared with the control group at 24 hours. It has been concluded that allopurinol pretreatment protects the neural tissue in the early period after occlusion, and in the late period it prevents cerebral injury especially in the perifocal area by preventing the formation of free radicals with XO inhibition. Keywords : Allopurinol, Brain Ischaemia, Rats