MATERIAL and METHODS: Individuals without disease affecting the lumbar vertebrae underwent computed tomography (CT) scanning in the supine position. The CT images obtained were imported to medical software to reconstruct a 3D model of the lumbar vertebrae. The stereoscopic longitudinal and transverse diameters of the lumbar intervertebral foramina were measured directly on the established simulation model. Comparisons in terms of sex and age were performed using t-test or analysis of variance.

RESULTS: In total, 100 individuals were included in the study. Average longitudinal and transverse diameters of the lower lumbar intervertebral foramen decreased moving inferiorly. The transverse diameters of the lower lumbar intervertebral foramina were similar between sexes and between age groups. However, the longitudinal diameter decreased with age (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The reconstructed lumbar vertebrae simulation model presented in this study has high fidelity to the structure of the human lumbar spine. This approach provides individualized, accurate, standardized, and detailed guidance for endoscopic surgery through the lumbar intervertebral foramen. Keywords : Lumbar intervertebral foramina, Applied anatomy, Digitization, 3D simulation, Endoscopy