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Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara Numune State Hospital. Ankara, TÜRKİYE Hydranencephaly is a rare anomaly of the central nervous system (CNS) which characterised by absence of the cerebral hemispheres. The etiologic hypotheses are numerous and the causal injuries have been thought to be vascular occlusion, viral encephalitis and genetic abnormalities. In this report we present a case of hydranencephaly and suggest the etiologic factor of this anomaly is Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis (HSV-Encephalitis). Keywords :