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¹Zhejiang Provincial People?s Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China DOI : 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.13032-14.2 Kyphoplasty is a minimal invasive technique with a low rate of complications. To the best of our knowledge, perforation of gastric wall following kyphoplasty has not been described yet. We present a case that was operated for radical resection of esophageal carcinoma eleven years ago and who underwent kyphoplasty after a recent sixth and seventh thoracic vertebral fracture was diagnosed. Afterwards, the patient complained of dysphagia and fever. His laboratory results showed signs of inflammation. Gastroscopy showed a foreign body in the stomach. Plain radiography, computed tomography scan and positron emission computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis of perforation of the gastric wall by polymethylmethacrylate. Despite adequate antibiotic treatment, the patient died from septic multiple organ failure. Indication for kyphoplasty in patients with any history of thoracic surgery should be scrutinized rigorously. Although this kind of complication may be relatively rare, awareness of this condition will improve our response to avoid any delay in making the correct diagnosis and providing specific treatment. Keywords : Kyphoplasty, Cement leakage, Perforation of gastric wall