Turkish Neurosurgery 2018 , Vol 28 , Num 1
Primary Intracranial Germinomas: Retrospective Analysis of Five Cases
Anas ABDALLAH1,Murad ASILTURK1,Mustafa Levent UYSAL1,Erhan EMEL1,Betul GULER ABDALLAH1,Bilge BILGIC2,Gokcen GUNDOGDU2
1Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
2Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey
DOI : 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.17474-16.3 AIM: Primary intracranial germinomas (PIGs) are rare malignant brain tumors that represent approximately 0.2% to 1.7% of all primary intracranial tumors. PIGs have infrequent, but there is a possibility of spinal cord metastases. In this study, clinical outcomes of five consecutive PIGs have been presented.

MATERIAL and METHODS: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed in 1,849 cases of intracranial tumors who underwent surgery between the years 2005 and 2015 and cases confirmed as germinoma histopathologically were included in this study.

RESULTS: Five cases of PIGs were detected in two female (40%) and 3 male (60%) patients. The mean age was 15.2±5.6 (8-23) years. The mean follow-up period was 52.3±56.4 (9-135) months. The most common complaint was headache (60%), followed by nausea±vomiting (40%). Four cases (80%) affected the suprasellar region while the fifth patient"s tumor was localized in the pineal region. The duration between the initial symptom and time of surgical intervention ranged between 15 days and 2 months. Twelve months after the first operation, one patient presented with drop seeding metastasis. Four-year survival (with exception of the case that died as a early surgical complication) was 100%. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in one patient. Surgical mortality rate was 20%. PIGs" morbidity rate was 60%.

CONCLUSION: PIG is a mostly malignant tumor that generally affects the pediatric age group. They are radiosensitive tumors. Subtotal or near-total resection using stereotactic guide or direct surgery to confirm the histopathological diagnosis followed by chemotherapy and whole brain or in some cases craniospinal radiotherapy rather than GTR is therefore the treatment of choice. Keywords : Primary intracranial germinoma, Pineal gland, Suprasellar region, Radiotherapy, Drop metastasis

Corresponding author : Anas ABDALLAH, abdallahanas@hotmail.com